Age-related macular degeneration is a disease associated with aging that gradually destroys sharp, central vision. It affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 years of age and older. A comprehensive eye exam is needed to detect macular degeneration. Your doctor will use digital imaging of the macula to look for changes that may be caused by macular degeneration.